LeftBrake

Malaysia, Sabah

2005-04-05T11:59:00.000-07:00

Sabah (North Borneo) was the last region to be brought under British control. In the early 1700s Brunei transferred its claims over much of Sabah to the sultan of Sulu, but, except in the northeast, actual Sulu power remained limited. Occasional resistance to Brunei or Sulu influence, as well as extensive coastal raiding and confusion of suzerainty, invited Western interest

Mercy D'argenteau, Florimund, Graf (count)

2005-04-05T10:30:00.000-07:00

Entering the diplomatic service in 1751, Mercy served at the Sardinian court, as ambassador to Russia, and, from 1766, as ambassador in Paris. An adviser

Abéché

2005-04-05T02:54:00.000-07:00

Town, eastern Chad, between the wadis Chao and Sao. Historically it was the site of the capital of the Muslim sultanate of Ouaddaï (q.v.), which dominated much of the area of Chad before French conquest was accomplished in 1912. The remains of the ancient capital include a palace, tombs of former sultans, and the ruins of a mosque, all surrounded by a thick wall. The town has many

Clovis Complex

2005-04-03T09:30:00.000-07:00

Ancient culture centred primarily on the plateau or tableland of Arizona, New Mexico, and western Texas. (It is so named from the first important site examined, in 1932, near Clovis, N.M.) This culture, which probably began sometime prior to 10,000 BC, is generally considered to be ancestral to the later Folsom complex. Like Folsom, the Clovis complex was part of the ancient big-game hunting

Sabha

2005-04-02T19:37:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Sebha, town, southwestern Libya, in a Saharan oasis. It was an active caravan centre from the 11th century. The modern town of stark white buildings and wide streets is surrounded by older settlements of mud-walled dwellings and covered alleyways. The former Italian Fort Elena, on a nearby hill, is now used for offices, shops, and a hospital. The town continues as a trade and transport

Alabaster, William

2005-04-02T01:31:00.000-08:00

Alabaster was educated at the University of Cambridge and in 1596 accompanied the

Tasmania, Soils

2005-04-01T07:09:00.000-08:00

Most Tasmanian soils are leached, acidic, poorly drained, high in humus, and low in fertility. Least fertile and most extensive are the soils, especially the moor peats, of the west and northeast. Fertile areas occur extensively in the northwest and locally elsewhere, notably in the northeast. Brown earths occupy the drier areas east of the Central Plateau; black earths,

Beresteczko, Battle Of

2005-03-31T21:32:00.000-08:00

In 1648 Khmelnytsky organized an insurrection among the Zaporozhian Cossacks, who lived along the Dnieper River, against their Polish rulers, who had been trying to limit the Cossacks' autonomy by reducing their numbers,

Hsin-yang

2005-03-31T16:53:00.000-08:00

Pinyin Xinyang city in southern Honan sheng (province), China. Hsin-yang is in the very south of the Honan plain, in the basin between the Ta-pieh Mountains and the Huai River. It has traditionally been on a cultural divide between the plain and the hilly districts to the south. It was also a natural route centre on the Shih River, a tributary of the Huai. The Shih has become passable for relatively

Water Scorpion

2005-03-30T11:42:00.000-08:00

Any of the approximately 150 species of aquatic invertebrates of the family Nepidae (order Hemiptera). The water scorpion resembles a land scorpion in certain ways: it has scythelike front legs adapted for seizing prey and a long, thin, whiplike structure at its posterior end. This “tail,” made up of two attached respiratory tubes, is extended above the surface of the water,

Vigée-lebrun, élisabeth

2005-03-30T05:33:00.000-08:00

Her father was Louis Vigée, a pastel portraitist and her first teacher. She studied later with a number of well-known painters, among them J.-B. Greuze and Joseph Vernet. In 1776 she married a picture dealer,

Literature, Yiddish.

2005-03-29T05:20:00.000-08:00

Most of the Yiddish writings in 1997 appeared in the accessible form of short stories and sketches. Some, like Avraham Karpinovitsh's exciting tapestry Geven, geven amol Vilne ("There Was Once Upon a Time Vilna"), brought a wealth of memory to a retrospective--a reconstruction of the Jerusalem of the North. Yoysef Burg's companion volumes Tsvey veltn ("Two Worlds") and Tseviklte

Clemens, Jacobus

2005-03-28T23:35:00.000-08:00

In 1544 he was probationary choirmaster of Saint-Donatien in Brugge (Bruges) and in 1550 was singer

Allopurinol

2005-03-27T22:01:00.000-08:00

Drug used in the treatment of gout, a disease that is characterized by severe inflammation in one or more of the joints of the extremities. Allopurinol inhibits an enzyme that is necessary to form uric acid, a substance present in abnormally large amounts in the blood of persons with gout that forms solid deposits in the joints, the kidneys, and other tissues. The drug

Dôn

2005-03-27T21:01:00.000-08:00

In Celtic mythology, leader of one of two warring families of gods; according to one interpretation, the Children of Dôn were the powers of light, constantly in conflict with the Children of Llyr, the powers of darkness. In another view, the conflict was a struggle between indigenous gods and those of an invading people. Although Dôn and other Welsh deities had Irish

Salandra, Antonio

2005-03-26T17:40:00.000-08:00

Salandra was educated in law and taught public administration at the University of Rome before entering politics. A member of a wealthy family and a conservative, he rose to become minister of agriculture in 1899 and finance minister in 1906 and again

Carnivore, Importance to humans

2005-03-26T16:12:00.000-08:00

The domestic dog (Canis familiaris) is undoubtedly the canid of the greatest importance economically. Numerous humans are actually employed in raising, selling, doctoring, grooming, training, or providing and manufacturing food for “man's best friend.” Dogs probably were the first wild animals to be domesticated; they have been found associated with Neolithic sites

Pacific Ocean, Mineral resources

2005-03-26T05:10:00.000-08:00

Minerals are extracted from the seawater itself, from offshore alluvial deposits, or from within the continental shelf and may be metallic or nonmetallic, with hydrocarbon fuels being the most valuable among the latter. Prominent in the Pacific also are deepwater metallic mineral deposits of potential economic significance. Fresh water itself is also obtained

Aerarium

2005-03-23T20:37:00.000-08:00

Treasury of ancient Rome, housed in the Temple of Saturn and the adjacent tabularium (record office) in the Forum. Under the republic (c. 509–27 BC) it was managed by two finance magistrates, the urban quaestors, and controlled by the Senate. In theory all revenues were paid into the aerarium, and all public payments were made from it. In practice, money was moved from the provinces

Ash Wednesday

2005-03-23T13:53:00.000-08:00

In the Christian church, the first day of Lent, occurring 6 1/2 weeks before Easter (between February 4 and March 11, depending on the date of Easter). In the early Christian church, the length of the Lenten celebration varied, but eventually it began 6 weeks (42 days) before Easter. This provided only 36 days of fast (excluding Sundays). In the 7th century, 4 days were added before the first Sunday

Botta, Paul-émile

2005-03-23T13:15:00.000-08:00

The son of a distinguished historian, Carlo Botta, he was educated as a physician. In 1842 he secured an appointment

Balbinus, Decimus Caelius Calvinus

2005-03-22T17:15:00.000-08:00

A patrician, Balbinus was a Salian priest, twice a consul, and proconsul in Asia. In 238, when the Senate led a rebellion of the Italian cities against Maximinus (emperor 235–238), it placed the government in the hands of a board of 20, one of whom was Balbinus, and then chose Balbinus and Pupienus Maximus to be joint emperors. Pupienus, a former city prefect,

Shigemitsu Mamoru

2005-03-22T06:13:00.000-08:00

Shigemitsu, a graduate of Tokyo University, joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1911. By 1918 he held a position in the embassy in Poland and, while in Europe, attended the Paris

Metatheory

2005-03-21T19:44:00.000-08:00

The most notable example of a metatheory was provided by David Hilbert, a German mathematician, who in 1905 set out to construct an elementary proof of the consistency of mathematics. For this purpose he needed a theory that studies

Jungle Babbler

2005-03-20T08:10:00.000-08:00

Any of about 32 species of songbirds constituting the tribe Pellorneini of the babbler family Timaliidae. Found from Africa to Malaysia and the Philippines, these drab birds with slender, often hook-tipped bills skulk in forest undergrowth. An example is the striped jungle babbler, or spotted babbler (Pelloreum ruficeps), of Southeast Asia—16 centimetres (6 1/4 inches) long,

Pacino, Al

2005-03-20T05:29:00.000-08:00

After growing up in East Harlem and the Bronx, Pacino moved at age 19 to Greenwich Village, where he studied acting at the Herbert Berghof Studio and appeared in many Off-Broadway and out-of-town productions, including Hello, Out There (1963) and Why Is a Crooked Letter (1966). He took further

Cytoplasmic Streaming

2005-03-20T01:37:00.000-08:00

Also called protoplasmic streaming the movement of the living substance (cytoplasm) within a plant or animal cell. The motion transports nutrients, enzymes, and, in plants, large virus particles within cells. In unicellular organisms such as amoeba, it provides the mechanism for cell locomotion. First discovered in the 1830s, the presence of cytoplasmic streaming helped convince biologists that cells

Wang Shih-fu

2005-03-19T00:24:00.000-08:00

Of 14 plays attributed to Wang, only three survive, of which Hsi hsiang chi (Romance of the Western Chamber, 1935) is widely regarded as the best northern play of the period and is still popular. The work is an amplified tsa-chü, a then-popular theatrical form, most of the conventions

Egypt, The Eastern Desert

2005-03-18T21:49:00.000-08:00

The Eastern Desert comprises almost one-fourth of the land surface of Egypt and covers an area of about 85,690 square miles. The northern tier is a limestone plateau, consisting of rolling hills, stretching from the Mediterranean coastal plain to a point roughly opposite Qina on the Nile. Near Qina, the plateau breaks up into cliffs about 1,600 feet high and is deeply scored by wadis,

Vuillard, (jean-)édouard

2005-03-17T15:22:00.000-08:00

Vuillard met Bonnard, Paul Sérusier, and Félix Vallotton while studying at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, and, along with his old friends Maurice Denis and Ker-Xavier Roussel, they formed an association called the

Earth, Reversals of the main field

2005-03-17T09:44:00.000-08:00

The Earth's internal magnetic field has not always been oriented as it is today. The direction of the dipole component reverses, on an average, about every 300,000 to 1,000,000 years. This reversal is very sudden on a geologic time scale, apparently taking about 5,000 years. The time between reversals is highly variable, sometimes occurring in less than 40,000 years and at other times remaining steady

Mineola

2005-03-15T20:20:00.000-08:00

Village, mainly in North Hempstead town (township) with a small section in Hempstead town, and seat (1898) of Nassau county, Long Island, southeastern New York, U.S. It was settled in the 17th century by English and Dutch inhabitants of Connecticut who crossed Long Island Sound; it was known as Hempstead Branch until its present name was adopted in 1858. The name is from an Algonquian

Badarian Culture

2005-03-15T13:47:00.000-08:00

Although the Badarians apparently continued the agricultural and pastoral practices of the Tasians (see Tasian

Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation

2005-03-15T03:50:00.000-08:00

American electronics company that shares credit with Texas Instruments Incorporated for the invention of the integrated circuit. Founded in 1957 in Santa Clara, California, Fairchild was among the earliest firms to successfully manufacture transistors and integrated circuits. Headquarters now are in South Portland, Maine, while research and production facilities

Cambridge

2005-03-15T02:12:00.000-08:00

City, regional municipality of Waterloo, southeastern Ontario, Can. It lies 55 miles (90 km) west-southwest of Toronto. Cambridge was created in 1973 from the consolidation of the city of Galt, the towns of Hespeler and Preston, and parts of the townships of Waterloo and North Dumfries. Galt was founded about 1817 and, along with Dumfries Township, became the home of large numbers of Scottish

Yew

2005-03-14T15:22:00.000-08:00

Any tree or shrub of the genus Taxus (family Taxaceae), approximately eight species of ornamental evergreens, distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Other trees called yew but not in this genus are the plum-yew (q.v.), Prince Albert yew (see Podocarpaceae), and stinking yew (q.v.). Two species are always shrubby, but the others may become trees up to 25 metres (about 80 feet)

Rovaniemi

2005-03-14T01:07:00.000-08:00

Town, capital of Lapin lääni (Lappi province), northern Finland, at the junction of the Kemijoki and Ounasjoki (rivers), northeast of Tornio, on the Arctic Circle. Incorporated in 1929, it became the administrative centre of Lappi in 1939, when the government of Lapland was reorganized. Road building between 1920 and 1940 spurred its development, but near the end of World War II the retreating

Conduit

2005-03-13T15:56:00.000-08:00

In water-supply systems the term is usually reserved for covered or closed sections of aqueduct, especially those that transport water under pressure. Large conduits may be fabricated of steel sections joined in the field or of reinforced

Tillett, Benjamin

2005-03-13T00:14:00.000-08:00

The son of a railway labourer, Tillett settled in the East End of London when he was in his early 20s. There he helped to organize,

Mascara

2005-03-12T09:55:00.000-08:00

Also called (after 1981) Mouaskar, town, northwestern Algeria, situated about 40 miles (60 km) south of the Mediterranean coast. Spread across two hills separated by the Wadi Toudman, it lies on the southern slope of the Beni Chougran Range of the Atlas Mountains. Mascara (meaning “mother of soldiers”) was founded as a Turkish military garrison in 1701. In about 1790 the town was abandoned by the Spanish Muslims who had

Vacuum Technology

2005-03-11T23:00:00.000-08:00

Capacities are available up to 14,000 cu ft per minute, with an operating pressure range of 10-2 torr to below 10-11 torr. The full speed of the pump is developed in the pressure range from about 10-6 to 10-8 torr, although the characteristic at the lower pressure is dependent on pump design. This pump makes use of the sputtering principle, in which a cathode material such as titanium is

åbo, Treaty Of

2005-03-11T13:43:00.000-08:00

(1743), peace settlement that concluded the Russo-Swedish War of 1741–43 by obliging Sweden to cede a strip of southern Finland to Russia and to become temporarily dependent on Russia. As a result of the Great Northern War (Treaty of Nystad, 1721), Sweden had lost Estonia, Livonia, Ingria, and part of Karelia to Russia. In 1741 Sweden reached a secret understanding (through French mediators) with

Lancet Fish

2005-03-09T22:59:00.000-08:00

Either of two species of widely distributed, deepwater marine fish of the genus Alepisaurus (the family Alepisauridae). Lancet fish are elongated and slender, with a long, very tall dorsal fin and a large mouth that is equipped with formidable fanglike teeth. The fish grow to a large size, attaining a maximum length of about 1.8 m (6 feet). Voracious and carnivorous, they feed

Nicholas Of Lyra,

2005-03-09T22:56:00.000-08:00

Becoming a Franciscan c. 1300, by 1309 Nicholas was a professor at the Sorbonne, where he taught for many years. From 1319 he headed the Franciscans in France and in 1325 founded the College

Costigan, Edward Prentiss

2005-03-09T05:20:00.000-08:00

Costigan spent most of his youth in Colorado, where his parents moved in 1877. He graduated from Harvard University in 1899 and began his law practice in Denver the next year. His interest in good government led him to join nonpartisan

åbo, Treaty Of

2005-03-09T02:39:00.000-08:00

Daniel Rutherford, a medical student in Edinburgh, is usually

Durkheim, émile

2005-03-08T15:00:00.000-08:00

French social scientist who developed a vigorous methodology combining empirical research with sociological theory. He is widely regarded as the founder of the French school of sociology.

Dvija

2005-03-08T11:29:00.000-08:00

(Sanskrit: “twice-born”), in the Hindu social system, members of the three upper varnas, or social classes—the Brahmans (priests and teachers), Kshatriya (warriors), and Vaisya (merchants)—whose sacrament of initiation is regarded as a second or spiritual birth. The initiation ceremony (upanayana; q.v.) invests the male caste members with a sacred thread, a loop worn next to the skin

World War I, The Eastern Front, 1915

2005-03-08T01:52:00.000-08:00

The Russians' plans for 1915 prescribed the strengthening of their flanks in the north and in Galicia before driving westward again toward Silesia. Their preparations for a blow at East Prussia's southern frontier were forestalled, as Ludendorff, striking suddenly eastward from East Prussia, enveloped four Russian divisions in the Augustów forests, east of the Masurian

Grusi

2005-03-07T14:48:00.000-08:00

Ethnolinguistic group among the inhabitants of northern Ghana and adjacent areas of Burkina Faso (formerly Upper Volta) and Togo. The linguistic groups and subgroups of the area are difficult to classify with certitude, but the Grusi languages make up a subbranch of the Gur (Voltaic) branch of the Niger-Congo language family. The difficulty in establishing distinct

Maa-alused

2005-03-05T20:43:00.000-08:00

These terms refer to beings living under the earth with an existence quite parallel to that of people living on earth. The main differences are in the opposite

Williams, Betty

2005-03-05T08:58:00.000-08:00

Williams, an office worker and wife and mother, took little part in public life until August 1976, when she witnessed an incident that moved her to speak out. An Irish Republican Army terrorist was shot by British

Osaka

2005-03-05T06:58:00.000-08:00

Fu (urban prefecture), Honshu, Japan. It is bordered by Kyoto urban prefecture (north) and by the ken (prefectures) of Hyogo (northwest), Nara (east), and Wakayama (south) and by Osaka Bay (southeast). It includes the industrial city of Osaka and numerous industrial and residential suburbs. The main industries in the urban prefecture manufacture iron and steel products, textiles, chemicals,

Romanian Orthodox Church

2005-03-05T00:12:00.000-08:00

Christianity first reached Dacia (roughly coextensive with modern Romania) under the Roman Empire at least as early as the 4th century

Axiomatic Method

2005-03-04T14:14:00.000-08:00

In logic, a procedure by which an entire system (e.g., a science) is generated in accordance with specified rules by logical deduction from certain basic propositions (axioms or postulates), which in turn are constructed from a few terms taken as primitive. These terms and axioms may either be arbitrarily defined and constructed or else be conceived according to a model

Ila

2005-03-04T09:20:00.000-08:00

The Ila combine agriculture with animal husbandry. Men hunt, fish, and clear land, while women gather foods from the countryside and are responsible for most of the

Povazská Bystrica

2005-03-04T09:12:00.000-08:00

Economic activities include the manufacture of heavy munitions. One of the town's notable structures is a Gothic church with tombstones dating

Stead, Christina Ellen

2005-03-02T03:56:00.000-08:00

Stead was educated at New South Wales Teachers College; she traveled widely and at various times lived in the United States, Paris, and London. In the early 1940s she worked as a screenwriter for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studios,

Peter Iii

2005-03-01T18:00:00.000-08:00

In 1262 he had married Constance, heiress of Manfred, the Hohenstaufen king of Sicily; and after the revolt of the Sicilians in 1282 he invaded the island and was proclaimed king at Palermo, despite strong Guelph and papal opposition (see Sicilian

Integral Equation

2005-03-01T14:04:00.000-08:00

Wali Allah, Shah

2005-03-01T13:36:00.000-08:00

Wali Allah received a traditional Islamic education from his father and is said to have memorized the Qur'an at the age of seven. In 1732 he made a pilgrimage to Mecca, and he then remained in the Hejaz (now in Saudi Arabia) to

Aerospace Industry, Maintenance

2005-02-28T06:47:00.000-08:00

The maintenance support provided by aerospace-industry firms is applied primarily to corporate, commercial, and military aircraft. Light-plane maintenance is generally handled by local fixed-base operators, which are not considered part of the aerospace industrial complex. Launch vehicles and unmanned spacecraft, although maintained throughout their prelaunch

Azuela, Mariano

2005-02-27T16:44:00.000-08:00

Azuela received an M.D. degree in Guadalajara in 1899 and practiced medicine, first in his native town and after 1916 in Mexico City. His best-known work, Los de abajo (1916; The Under Dogs), depicting the futility of the revolution, was written at the

Hoover, J. Edgar

2005-02-27T08:39:00.000-08:00

Hoover studied law at night at George Washington University, where he received degrees as bachelor of laws in 1916 and as

Consejo Real

2005-02-27T07:23:00.000-08:00

Spanish royal council medieval Spanish advisory council consisting of nobles and church prelates. Initially created at the request of the Cortes (parliament) to serve as its permanent representative, the consejo real evolved into a body controlled by the monarch. John I of Castile formally determined the first council's structure in 1386, adding four members, usually lawyers, to the former

Yahya Ibn Mahmud Al-wasiti

2005-02-26T10:02:00.000-08:00

Yahya was not the first to paint in this style, but he was the best artist

Death Rite, Rites and customs among secular materialists

2005-02-26T09:09:00.000-08:00

It is significant, however, that, even where secularist principles are consciously professed, the dead are rarely disposed of without some semblance of ceremony. A deeply rooted feeling prompts most people to treat a dead human body with a respect that is not felt for a dead animal. It is significant that Communists make pilgrimages to the graves of Lenin and Marx;

Thomas, Sidney Gilchrist

2005-02-26T06:47:00.000-08:00

Thomas was preparing to matriculate in medicine at London University when his father died.

Swains Island

2005-02-25T21:38:00.000-08:00

Coral atoll, American Samoa, southwestern Pacific Ocean, 280 miles (450 km) north of Tutuila. The atoll is 15–25 feet (5–8 m) above sea level; it is circular in shape, with 8 miles (13 km) of shoreline, and encloses a freshwater lagoon. It has an area of about 1 square mile (2.6 square km). Probably first known to Europeans in the 19th century, the atoll was named for a whaling captain. It is not geographically a

Settlement, Act Of

2005-02-24T05:20:00.000-08:00

Toward the end of 1700 William III was ill and childless; his sister-in-law, the prospective queen, Anne, had just lost her only surviving child; and abroad the supporters of the exiled king, James II, were numerous and active. The need for the act was obvious. It decreed that, in default

Earth Mother

2005-02-23T13:11:00.000-08:00

In ancient and modern nonliterate religions, an eternally fruitful source of everything. Unlike the variety of female fertility deities called mother goddesses (q.v.), the Earth Mother is not a specific source of vitality who must periodically undergo sexual intercourse. She is simply the mother; there is nothing separate from her. All things come from her, return

China, The barbarians: Tangut, Khitan, and Juchen

2005-02-23T05:43:00.000-08:00

On the frontier the far-reaching influence of T'ang culture affected various nomadic, seminomadic, and pastoral peoples.

Cullen, William

2005-02-23T00:44:00.000-08:00

After attending the University of Glasgow and the new medical school at Edinburgh, Cullen returned to Hamilton. He spent eight years in private clinical practice, attending without fee those too poor to

Minamoto Yoshiie

2005-02-22T14:38:00.000-08:00

The son of Minamoto Yoriyoshi, Yoshiie aided his father in the battles known as the Earlier Nine Years' War (1051–62), which ultimately resulted in

Omagh

2005-02-22T11:03:00.000-08:00

Irish An Ómaigh town and seat of Omagh district, Northern Ireland. Situated on the River Strule, Omagh is a market, shopping, and light-manufacturing centre for the district. Traditional crafts (such as table linens and crochet lace) continue to be produced in the town. Tourism is important, and Omagh's numerous festivals and events attract many visitors; the town's West Tyrone Feis annually

Ecotone

2005-02-22T08:01:00.000-08:00

A transition area of vegetation between two different plant communities, such as forest and grassland. It has some of the characteristics of each bordering community and often contains species not found in the overlapping communities. An ecotone may exist along a broad belt or in a small pocket, such as a forest clearing, where two local communities blend together.

Futurism

2005-02-22T01:12:00.000-08:00

Futurism was first announced on Feb. 20, 1909, when the Paris newspaper Le Figaro published a manifesto

Miner, Myrtilla

2005-02-20T21:22:00.000-08:00

Miner was educated at the Clover Street Seminary in Rochester, New York (1840-44), and taught at various schools, including the Newton Female Institute (1846-47) in Whitesville,

Saint Clair, Lake

2005-02-20T00:05:00.000-08:00

Lake in west-central Tasmania, Australia, lying at the southern boundary of Cradle Mountain–Lake St. Clair National Park at the terminus of a 53-mile [85-kilometre] walking track from the mountain. It has an area of 11 square miles (28 square km), measures 9 miles by 1 mile (14.5 by 1.6 km), and lies at an elevation of 2,417 feet (737 m) on Tasmania's Central Plateau. It fills a valley once deepened by a glacier and

Haleakala

2005-02-19T20:16:00.000-08:00

The name Haleakala (Hawaiian: “House of the

Anderson

2005-02-19T18:58:00.000-08:00

Anderson is a manufacturing

Theobald I

2005-02-18T21:51:00.000-08:00

He was the son of Theobald III of Champagne,

Wilkes Land

2005-02-18T14:32:00.000-08:00

Region in Antarctica, bordering the Indian Ocean between Queen Mary and George V coasts (100°–142°20¢ E). The region is almost entirely covered by a featureless ice cap averaging from 6,000 to 9,500 feet (1,800 to 2,900 m) above sea level. First sighted (1838–42) by the U.S. naval commander Charles Wilkes, for whom the land is named, it was not explored until the late 1940s. Included in the region are the coasts of Clarie, Banzare,

Ibaraki

2005-02-18T03:34:00.000-08:00

Prefecture (ken), central Honshu, Japan, facing the Pacific Ocean. It occupies 2,351 sq mi (6,090 sq km) of the northeastern Kanto Plain. Ibaraki is bordered (south) by the Tone-gawa (Tone River) and contains part of Suigo-Tsukuba Quasi-national Park. Main features of this section of the park include Kasumiga-ura (Lake Kasumi), the second largest Japanese lake after Lake Biwa; the canals and

Lozi

2005-02-17T20:35:00.000-08:00

Formerly, the groups were all called Barotse as subjects of the paramount chief of the dominant Barotse tribe; the Barotse nation extended into other parts of Zambia, Angola,

Narcissus

2005-02-16T20:48:00.000-08:00

In Greek mythology, the son of the river god Cephissus and the nymph Leiriope; he was distinguished for his beauty. His mother was told that he would have a long life, provided he never looked upon his own features. His rejection, however, of the love of the nymph Echo or of his lover Ameinias drew upon him the vengeance of the gods. He fell in love with his own reflection in

Grain

2005-02-16T02:39:00.000-08:00

In metallurgy, any of the crystallites (small crystals or grains) of varying, randomly distributed, small sizes that compose a solid metal. Randomly oriented, the grains contact each other at surfaces called grain boundaries. The structure and size of the grains determine important physical properties of the solid metal. Grains of a metal ingot can be elongated and

Makar

2005-02-15T22:03:00.000-08:00

Because Geoffrey Chaucer was their acknowledged master and they often employed his verse forms and themes, the

Denmark Strait

2005-02-15T15:49:00.000-08:00

Channel partially within the Arctic Circle, lying between Greenland (west) and Iceland (east). About 180 miles (290 km) wide at its narrowest point, the strait extends southward for 300 miles (483 km) from the Greenland Sea to the open waters of the North Atlantic Ocean. The cold East Greenland Current flows southward along the west side of the strait and carries icebergs, which originate

Heir

2005-02-15T05:11:00.000-08:00

One who succeeds to the property of a person dying without a will or who is legally entitled to succeed by right of descent or relationship. In most jurisdictions, statutes of descent determine transfer of title to property if there is no will naming the legatee. In English common law, originally an heir was one who inherited real estate; next of kin inherited personal

Dieppe

2005-02-14T11:54:00.000-08:00

In the old town many houses date back to the early 18th century. The castle, built in 1435, was damaged in 1944 but has been restored and now

Over-the-counter Market

2005-02-13T23:14:00.000-08:00

Trading in stocks and bonds that does not take place on stock exchanges; such trading is most significant in the United States, where requirements for listing stocks on the exchanges are quite strict. It is often called the “off-board market,” and sometimes the “unlisted market,” though the latter term is misleading because some securities so traded are listed on an exchange.

Byng Of Vimy (of Thorpe-le-soken), Julian Hedworth George Byng, Viscount

2005-02-13T22:39:00.000-08:00

A career soldier from 1883, Byng was promoted to major general in 1909. As commander of the Canadian Corps in France (from May 1916), he was responsible for one of the most famous Canadian victories in either world war, the capture of Vimy Ridge, north of Arras (April 9, 1917). As commander of

China, Rainfall

2005-02-12T20:49:00.000-08:00

Rainfall in China generally decreases from the southeast to the northwest. The annual precipitation of certain places along the southeastern coast amounts to more than 80 inches. The Yangtze Valley receives about 40 inches. Farther north, in the Huai River Valley the annual rainfall decreases to 30 inches. In the lower reaches of the Huang Ho only 20 inches of precipitation

Tasmania, Transportation

2005-02-11T16:09:00.000-08:00

Given its island setting and dispersed development, transportation, both internal and external, is especially important to Tasmania. The settled areas have a good network of roads with the highest density of roads per square mile of any Australian state. In 1975 control of the state's railways was transferred to the federal government, and in 1978 regular passenger services

Culver City

2005-02-11T05:51:00.000-08:00

City, Los Angeles county, California, U.S. Part of Rancho La Ballona, it was laid out in 1914 by Harry H. Culver and promoted as a site for motion-picture production, becoming the home of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Hal Roach studios. Television shows were produced at what were the Desilu and before that the RKO studios. Petroleum, aircraft, and electronic industries are the other

Haley, Sir William

2005-02-10T21:19:00.000-08:00

Haley grew up on the island of Jersey and attended Victoria College there. In 1918 he began to study journalism, and in 1921 he secured his first newspaper employment

Eastern Orthodoxy, The reforms of Peter the Great (reigned 16821725)

2005-02-10T16:54:00.000-08:00

The son of Tsar Alexis, Peter the Great, changed the historical fate of Russia by radically turning away from the Byzantine heritage and reforming the state according to the model of Protestant Europe. Humiliated by his father's temporary submission to Patriarch Nikon, Peter prevented new patriarchal elections after the death of Patriarch Adrian in 1700. After a long

Mauguin, Charles

2005-02-10T02:53:00.000-08:00

Mauguin was educated at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, and in 1919 he joined the Faculty of Sciences

Byron, George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron

2005-02-09T16:07:00.000-08:00

Byname Lord Byron English Romantic poet and satirist whose poetry and personality captured the imagination of Europe. Renowned as the “gloomy egoist” of his autobiographical poem Childe Harold's Pilgrimage (1812–18) in the 19th century, he is now more generally esteemed for the satiric realism of Don Juan (1819–24).

LeftBrake

Malaysia, Sabah

Mercy D'argenteau, Florimund, Graf (count)

Abéché

Clovis Complex

Sabha

Alabaster, William

Tasmania, Soils

Beresteczko, Battle Of

Hsin-yang

Water Scorpion

Vigée-lebrun, élisabeth

Literature, Yiddish.

Clemens, Jacobus

Allopurinol

Dôn

Salandra, Antonio

Carnivore, Importance to humans

Pacific Ocean, Mineral resources

Aerarium

Ash Wednesday

Botta, Paul-émile

Balbinus, Decimus Caelius Calvinus

Shigemitsu Mamoru

Metatheory

Jungle Babbler

Pacino, Al

Cytoplasmic Streaming

Wang Shih-fu

Egypt, The Eastern Desert

Vuillard, (jean-)édouard

Earth, Reversals of the main field

Mineola

Badarian Culture

Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation

Cambridge

Yew

Rovaniemi

Conduit

Tillett, Benjamin

Mascara

Vacuum Technology

åbo, Treaty Of

Lancet Fish

Nicholas Of Lyra,

Costigan, Edward Prentiss

åbo, Treaty Of

Durkheim, émile

Dvija

World War I, The Eastern Front, 1915

Grusi

Maa-alused

Williams, Betty

Osaka

Romanian Orthodox Church

Axiomatic Method

Ila

Povazská Bystrica

Stead, Christina Ellen

Peter Iii

Integral Equation

Wali Allah, Shah

Aerospace Industry, Maintenance

Azuela, Mariano

Hoover, J. Edgar

Consejo Real

Yahya Ibn Mahmud Al-wasiti

Death Rite, Rites and customs among secular materialists

Thomas, Sidney Gilchrist

Swains Island

Settlement, Act Of

Earth Mother

China, The barbarians: Tangut, Khitan, and Juchen

Cullen, William

Minamoto Yoshiie

Omagh

Ecotone

Futurism

Miner, Myrtilla

Saint Clair, Lake

China, The barbarians: Tangut, Khitan, and Juchen

Eastern Orthodoxy, The reforms of Peter the Great (reigned 16821725)